隣接地域における国民医療費及び医療システムの差 Differences in National Healthcare Expenditure and Healthcare Systems in Adjacent Regions

概要

高齢化による国民医療費(NHE)の増加は、日本において重要な社会問題であり、NHEの効率的な配分と活用は緊急の課題です。地域レベルでの比較分析は、東京の大都市圏(中心都市)と千葉県の隣接市町村(郊外)の間のNHEと医療システムの性能の地域的な変動を探索するために重要です。この研究は、亜地域ごとにNHEと医療システムの性能に影響を与える社会経済的要因を特定することを目指しています。回帰分析を行い、入院患者の医療費(MEI)、外来患者の医療費(MEO)、入院患者の受診率(CRI)、外来患者の受診率(CRO)を含む総医療費(Total)に影響を与える要因を抽出しました。ステップワイズ法を用いて、医療サービス、社会経済的要因、ライフスタイルの3つのカテゴリーから従属変数を選択しました。さらに、医療システムの性能分析を行い、地域間の違いをMann-Whitney U検定を用いて明らかにしました。この検定は、OECDの指標で言及されている健康状態、健康の危険因子、ケアへのアクセス、ケアの質、保健システムの能力と資源という5つの次元に分類される18の指標に適用されました。中心都市では、世帯あたりの人数がTotal、MEI、MEO、CROに影響する主要な要因であり、世帯あたりの人数と完全失業者の割合がCRIに主に影響しました。一方、郊外では、65歳から74歳の人口比率と病床数がTotal、MEI、CRIと有意な正の相関を示し、第一次産業の就業者数はTotalとMEIと負の相関を示しました。65歳から74歳の人口比率は、MEOとCROと有意な正の相関がありました。医療システムの性能に関しては、中心都市では健康に関連するリスク要因が高く、一方、ケアへのアクセス、ケアの質、保健システムの能力と資源を含む他の要素は郊外で優れており、リスクを補償するための健康システムがよく発達していることを示唆しています。郊外では、健康に関連するリスク要因は中心都市よりも低いですが、ケアへのアクセス、ケアの質、保健システムの能力と資源は低く、より弱い医療システムを示しています。これらの結果から、中心都市における医療格差の緩和と、郊外の高齢者の健康促進のために医療システムと資源の拡充を優先する必要があることが示唆されます。この研究は、NHEと医療システムの性能の決定要因が亜地域レベルで劇的に変化することを明らかにし、医療システムへの正確な地域的介入の重要性を強調しています。

The increasing national healthcare expenditure (NHE) due to the aging population is a significant social issue in Japan, and the efficient distribution and utilization of NHE are urgent challenges. Comparative analysis at the local level is crucial to explore the regional variations in NHE and healthcare system performance between the metropolitan area of Tokyo (central city) and adjacent municipalities in Chiba Prefecture (suburbs). This study aims to identify the socioeconomic factors that influence NHE and healthcare system performance across sub-regions. Regression analysis was conducted to extract factors that influence total healthcare expenditure (Total), including inpatient healthcare expenditure (MEI), outpatient healthcare expenditure (MEO), as well as the utilization rates of inpatient visits (CRI) and outpatient visits (CRO). A stepwise approach was employed to select dependent variables from three categories: healthcare services, socioeconomic factors, and lifestyle. Furthermore, a healthcare system performance analysis was conducted to reveal regional differences using the Mann-Whitney U test. This test was applied to 18 indicators classified into five dimensions mentioned in OECD indicators: health status, health risk factors, access to care, quality of care, and healthcare system capacity and resources. In the central city, the number of individuals per household was found to be a key factor influencing Total, MEI, MEO, and CRO, while the number of individuals per household and the proportion of fully unemployed individuals primarily influenced CRI. In the suburbs, the proportion of the population aged 65-74 and the number of hospital beds showed significant positive correlations with Total, MEI, and CRI, whereas the number of individuals employed in the primary sector exhibited negative correlations with Total and MEI. The proportion of the population aged 65-74 showed a significant positive correlation with MEO and CRO. Regarding healthcare system performance, risk factors related to health were higher in the central city, whereas other factors, including access to care, quality of care, and healthcare system capacity and resources, were superior in the suburbs, suggesting a well-developed healthcare system to compensate for risks. In the suburbs, risk factors related to health were lower than those in the central city, but access to care, quality of care, and healthcare system capacity and resources were lower, indicating a weaker healthcare system. These results highlight the need to prioritize the mitigation of healthcare disparities in the central city and promote the health of the elderly in the suburbs through the expansion of healthcare systems and resources. This study reveals that the determinants of NHE and healthcare system performance undergo dramatic changes at the sub-regional level, emphasizing the importance of accurate regional interventions in healthcare systems.

雑誌名

Healthcare

論文タイトル

Regional Variation in National Healthcare Expenditure and Health System Performance in Central Cities and Suburbs in Japan

著者

Yuna Seo, Takaharu Takikawa

DOI

10.3390/healthcare10060968

引用

Seo, Yuna, and Takaharu Takikawa. “Regional Variation in National Healthcare Expenditure and Health System Performance in Central Cities and Suburbs in Japan.”Healthcare 202210(6), 968